The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Staging Project for Lung Cancer: Recommendation to Introduce Spread Through Air Spaces as a Histologic Descriptor in the Ninth Edition of the TNM Classification of Lung Cancer. Analysis of 4061 Pathologic Stage I NSCLC.

INTRODUCTION: Spread through air spaces (STAS) consists of lung cancer tumor cells that are identified beyond the edge of the main tumor in the surrounding alveolar parenchyma. It has been reported by meta-analyses to be an independent prognostic factor in the major histologic types of lung cancer, but its role in lung cancer staging is not established. METHODS: To assess the clinical importance of STAS in lung cancer staging, we evaluated 4061 surgically resected pathologic stage I R0 NSCLC collected from around the world in the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer database. We focused on whether STAS could be a useful additional histologic descriptor to supplement the existing ones of visceral pleural invasion (VPI) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI). RESULTS: STAS was found in 930 of 4061 of the pathologic stage I NSCLC (22.9%). Patients with tumors exhibiting STAS had a significantly worse recurrence-free and overall survival in both univariate and multivariable analyses involving cohorts consisting of all NSCLC, specific histologic types (adenocarcinoma and other NSCLC), and extent of resection (lobar and sublobar). Interestingly, STAS was independent of VPI in all of these analyses. CONCLUSIONS: These data support our recommendation to include STAS as a histologic descriptor for the Ninth Edition of the TNM Classification of Lung Cancer. Hopefully, gathering these data in the coming years will facilitate a thorough analysis to better understand the relative impact of STAS, LVI, and VPI on lung cancer staging for the Tenth Edition TNM Stage Classification.

The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for the Revisions of the T-Descriptors in the Forthcoming Ninth Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: An international database was created by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer to inform on the ninth edition of the TNM classification of lung cancer. The present analyses concern its T component. METHODS: Data on 124,581 patients diagnosed with lung cancer from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2019 were submitted to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer database. Of these, 33,982 met the inclusion criteria for the clinical T analysis, and 30,715 met the inclusion criteria for the pathologic postsurgical analysis. Survival was measured from the date of diagnosis or operation for clinically and pathologically staged tumors, respectively. T descriptors were evaluated in univariate analysis and multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, pathologic type, and geographic region. RESULTS: Comprehensive survival analysis revealed that the existing eighth edition T component criteria performed adequately in the ninth edition data set. Although pathologic chest wall or parietal pleura involvement (PL 3) yielded a worse survival compared with the other T3 descriptors, with a similar survival as T4 tumors, this difference was not observed for clinical chest wall or PL 3 tumors. Because of these inconsistent findings, no reallocation of chest wall or PL 3 tumors is advised. CONCLUSIONS: The T subcommittee members proposed not to implement any changes and keep the current eighth-edition T descriptors for the ninth edition.

Argentine consensus recommendations for lung cancer screening programmes: a RAND/UCLA-modified Delphi study.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer (LC) screening improves LC survival; the best screening method in terms of improving survival is low-dose CT (LDCT), outpacing chest X-ray and sputum cytology. METHODS: A consensus of experts in Argentina was carried out to review the literature and generate recommendations for LC screening programmes. A mixed-method study was used with three phases: (1) review of the literature; (2) modified Delphi consensus panel; and (3) development of the recommendations. The Evidence to Decision (EtD) framework was used to generate 13 evaluation criteria. Nineteen experts participated in four voting rounds. Consensus among participants was defined using the RAND/UCLA method. RESULTS: A total of 16 recommendations scored ≥7 points with no disagreement on any criteria. Screening for LC should be performed with LDCT annually in the population at high-risk, aged between 55 and 74 years, regardless of sex, without comorbidities with a risk of death higher than the risk of death from LC, smoking ≥30 pack-years or former smokers who quit smoking within 15 years. Screening will be considered positive when finding a solid nodule ≥6 mm in diameter (or ≥113 mm3) on baseline LDCT and 4 mm in diameter if a new nodule is identified on annual screening. A smoking cessation programme should be offered, and cardiovascular risk assessment should be performed. Institutions should have a multidisciplinary committee, have protocols for the management of symptomatic patients not included in the programme and distribute educational material. CONCLUSION: The recommendations provide a basis for minimum requirements from which local institutions can develop their own protocols adapted to their needs and resources.

[PEComa of the lung]. / PEComa pulmonar.

Clear cell "sugar" tumor of the lung is a rare benign tumor arising from perivascular epithelioid cells (PECs). They belong to a group of mesenchymal neoplasms called PEComas. Although widely presumed as benign, due to their rich vascular stroma they are usually avid for the different types of contrast agents used in imaging studies, mimicking a malignant lesion. We report the case of a 66-year-old man in whom a solitary pulmonary nodule was discovered during oncological staging for an adenocarcinoma of the prostate who underwent an anatomical pulmonary segmentectomy. The final pathology result was a perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (pulmonary PEComa or clear "sugar" cell tumor).

Los tumores de células claras "de azúcar" (CCTL) son lesiones benignas muy infrecuentes. Forman parte de un grupo de neoplasias mesenquimales denominadas PEComas que se originan de las células epiteloides perivasculares. Por su rico estroma vascular, suelen tener avidez por los distintos tipos de contrastes utilizados en los estudios de diagnóstico por imágenes, simulando lesiones de estirpe maligna. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 66 años con hallazgo de un nódulo pulmonar durante la estadificación oncológica por adenocarcinoma de próstata al que se le realizó una segmentectomía pulmonar anatómica. El resultado definitivo de anatomía patológica fue tumor de células epiteloides perivasculares (PEComa pulmonar o tumor de células claras "de azúcar").

PEComa pulmonar / PEComa of the lung

Resumen Los tumores de células claras "de azúcar" (CCTL) son lesiones benignas muy infrecuentes. Forman parte de un grupo de neoplasias mesenquimales denominadas PEComas que se originan de las células epiteloides perivasculares. Por su rico estroma vascular, suelen tener avidez por los distintos tipos de contrastes utilizados en los estudios de diagnóstico por imágenes, simulando lesiones de estirpe maligna. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 66 años con hallazgo de un nódulo pulmonar durante la estadificación oncológica por adenocarcinoma de próstata al que se le realizó una segmentectomía pulmonar anatómica. El resultado definitivo de anatomía patológica fue tumor de células epiteloides perivasculares (PEComa pulmonar o tumor de células claras "de azúcar").

Abstract Clear cell ''sugar'' tumor of the lung is a rare benign tumor arising from perivascular epithelioid cells (PECs). They belong to a group of mesenchymal neoplasms called PEComas. Although widely presumed as benign, due to their rich vascular stroma they are usually avid for the different types of contrast agents used in imaging studies, mimicking a malignant lesion. We report the case of a 66-year-old man in whom a solitary pul monary nodule was discovered during oncological staging for an adenocarcinoma of the prostate who underwent an anatomical pulmonary segmentectomy. The final pathology result was a perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (pulmonary PEComa or clear "sugar" cell tumor).

Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico en neoplasias epiteliales de timo / Outcomes of surgical treatment for thymic epithelial neoplasms

Resumen Las neoplasias epiteliales del timo (NET) son tumores infrecuentes. El manejo inicial de las mismas se basa en el análisis de la resecabilidad del tumor en los estudios por imágenes, siendo la resección completa el tratamiento estándar para cualquier estadio. El objetivo principal fue evaluar la supervivencia global y la supervivencia libre de enfermedad de los pacientes con diagnóstico de NET sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico. El objetivo secundario fue comparar la supervivencia global de acuerdo al tipo de resección quirúrgica, el estadio de Masaoka-Koga y subtipo histológico. Estudio observacional descriptivo realizado en el Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires desde 2004 a 2020. Se incluyeron 42 pacientes operados de tumores en mediastino anterior con diagnóstico histopatológico definitivo de NET. Treinta y nueve eran timomas y 3 carcinomas tímicos. La cirugía realizada en todos los pacientes fue una timectomia total. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 63.5 meses (RIQ 32-97.5). La supervivencia global estimada a los cinco y diez años fue del 87% (95% IC, 0.69-0.95) y 78% (95% IC, 0.5-0.92), respectivamente. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad estimada a cinco y diez años fue del 90% (95% IC, 0.74-0.96). Los pacientes a los que se le realizó una resección completa y que tenían estadios tem pranos de Masaoka-Koga presentaron una supervivencia global superior en comparación con las resecciones incompletas y estadios avanzados (p = 0.0097 y p = 0.0028, respectivamente). Al contar con un bajo número de pacientes en el grupo de carcinomas tímicos, no pudimos sacar conclusiones en cuanto a supervivencia entre éstos y los timomas.

Abstract Thymic epithelial tumors are a group of rare neoplasms of the mediastinum. When resectable, complete resection is considered the gold standard for any stage. The primary endpoint was to evaluate overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with thymus epithelial tumors who underwent surgical treatment. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate and compare the overall survival according to: resection type (complete vs. incomplete), Masaoka-Koga stage and tumor histology according to WHO classification. This is a descriptive observational study from January 2004 to December 2020, in which 42 patients with a postoperative histopathological diagnosis of thymic epithelial tumours were included. Thirty-nine were thymomas (92.9%) and 3 were thymic carcinomas (7.1%). In all patients a total thymectomy was performed. The median follow-up was 63.5 months (IQR 32-97.5). The estimated overall survival at five and ten years was 87% (95% CI, 0.69-0.95) and 78% (95% CI, 0.5-0.92), respectively. Estimated disease-free survival at five and ten years was 90% (95% CI, 0.74-0.96). Patients who underwent complete resection and with early Masaoka-Koga stages had superior overall survival compared to incomplete resections and advanced Masaoka-Koga stages (p = 0.0097 and p = 0.0028, respectively). We found no differences in terms of survival between histological subtypes due to a low number of patients in the thymic carcinoma group.

[Outcomes of surgical treatment for thymic epithelial neoplasms]. / Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico en neoplasias epiteliales de timo.

Thymic epithelial tumors are a group of rare neoplasms of the mediastinum. When resectable, complete resection is considered the gold standard for any stage. The primary endpoint was to evaluate overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with thymus epithelial tumors who underwent surgical treatment. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate and compare the overall survival according to: resection type (complete vs. incomplete), Masaoka-Koga stage and tumor histology according to WHO classification. This is a descriptive observational study from January 2004 to December 2020, in which 42 patients with a postoperative histopathological diagnosis of thymic epithelial tumours were included. Thirty-nine were thymomas (92.9%) and 3 were thymic carcinomas (7.1%). In all patients a total thymectomy was performed. The median follow-up was 63.5 months (IQR 32-97.5). The estimated overall survival at five and ten years was 87% (95% CI, 0.69-0.95) and 78% (95% CI, 0.5-0.92), respectively. Estimated diseasefree survival at five and ten years was 90% (95% CI, 0.74-0.96). Patients who underwent complete resection and with early Masaoka-Koga stages had superior overall survival compared to incomplete resections and advanced Masaoka-Koga stages (p = 0.0097 and p = 0.0028, respectively). We found no differences in terms of survival between histological subtypes due to a low number of patients in the thymic carcinoma group.

Las neoplasias epiteliales del timo (NET) son tumores infrecuentes. El manejo inicial de las mismas se basa en el análisis de la resecabilidad del tumor en los estudios por imágenes, siendo la resección completa el tratamiento estándar para cualquier estadio. El objetivo principal fue evaluar la supervivencia global y la supervivencia libre de enfermedad de los pacientes con diagnóstico de NET sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico. El objetivo secundario fue comparar la supervivencia global de acuerdo al tipo de resección quirúrgica, el estadio de Masaoka-Koga y subtipo histológico. Estudio observacional descriptivo realizado en el Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires desde 2004 a 2020. Se incluyeron 42 pacientes operados de tumores en mediastino anterior con diagnóstico histopatológico definitivo de NET. Treinta y nueve eran timomas y 3 carcinomas tímicos. La cirugía realizada en todos los pacientes fue una timectomia total. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 63.5 meses (RIQ 32-97.5). La supervivencia global estimada a los cinco y diez años fue del 87% (95% IC, 0.69-0.95) y 78% (95% IC, 0.5-0.92), respectivamente. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad estimada a cinco y diez años fue del 90% (95% IC, 0.74-0.96). Los pacientes a los que se le realizó una resección completa y que tenían estadios tempranos de Masaoka-Koga presentaron una supervivencia global superior en comparación con las resecciones incompletas y estadios avanzados (p = 0.0097 y p = 0.0028, respectivamente). Al contar con un bajo número de pacientes en el grupo de carcinomas tímicos, no pudimos sacar conclusiones en cuanto a supervivencia entre éstos y los timomas.

Utility of PET-CT in non-small cell lung cancer clinical stage IB-IIA according to AJCC 8th edition staging system: an alternative to invasive mediastinal staging?

OBJECTIVE: Mediastinal nodal staging in lung cancer is essential to determine treatment strategy and prognosis. There are controversies as to whether a mediastinal negative result in PET-CT may spare the invasive staging of the mediastinum. The main endpoint is to evaluate the negative predictive value (NPV) of PET-CT in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) clinical stage IB-IIA without clinical nodal involvement. The secondary endpoint is to evaluate the prevalence of mediastinal and hilar nodal affection in this population. METHODS: We performed an observational descriptive study from January 2010 to January 2020, including 76 patients with clinical stage IB-IIA, who underwent pulmonary resection with systematic nodal sampling (pre-determined lymph node stations based on tumour location) for primary NSCLC. Clinically, nodal involvement was defined as any lymph node greater than 1 cm in the short axis on a CT or with metabolic uptake greater than 2.5 SUV on PET-CT. The prevalence of nodal metastases was recorded. RESULTS: Fifty six patients had clinical stage IB and 20 had clinical stage IIA. Mean tumour size was 3.74 ± 0.5 cm. Lobectomy was the resection procedure most frequently performed. Of the 76 patients with clinical N0 by PET-CT who underwent surgical resection, 10 (13.1%) were upstaged to pN1 and none were upstaged to pN2. NPV of PET-CT for overall nodal metastasis was 87% (95% CI: 0.79-0.94). NPV of PET-CT for N2 metastasis was 100%. CONCLUSION: PET-CT might be an alternative to invasive mediastinal staging in patients with NSCLC clinical stage IB-IIA who are surgical candidates. Further prospective multi-institutional studies are necessary to verify the external validity of our study.

Resección de la primera costilla por videotoracoscopía en síndrome de Paget-Schroetter / Resection of the first rib by video thoracoscopy in Paget-Schroetter syndrome

Resumen El síndrome del opérculo torácico se refiere a una serie de signos y síntomas que se producen por la compresión del paquete vásculo-nervioso en la unión costo-clavicular. El síndrome de Paget-Schroetter (SPS) se define como la trombosis primaria, espontánea o de esfuerzo de la vena subclavia. Las vías de abordaje quirúrgicas tradicionales utilizadas para descomprimir el opérculo torácico son la trans axilar y las claviculares (supra e infra). El objetivo del estudio fue describir nuestra experiencia en la resección de la primera costilla por videotoracoscopía (VATS). Este es un estudio descriptivo observacional utilizando una base de datos prospectiva con análisis retrospectivo desde enero de 2017 a marzo de 2020. Se incluyeron 9 pacientes con diagnóstico de SPS en los que se resecó la primera costilla por VATS. En un paciente el procedimiento fue bilateral por presentar trombosis espontánea en ambas venas subclavias. De los 9, 6 eran mujeres. La edad media fue de 30.7 ± 10.7 años. La estadía hospitalaria media fue de 3.1 ± 0.5 días. Uno fue re-operado por hemotórax. No se detectaron recurrencias en el seguimiento a mediano-largo plazo. La resección de la primera costilla por VATS es un procedimiento seguro y factible. La misma, a diferencia de los abordajes tradicionales, puede ser resecada bajo visión directa de todos los elementos del opérculo torácico. Sin embargo, esta técnica requiere un manejo avanzado en cirugía toracoscópica.

Abstract Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to a number of signs and symptoms that arise from compression of the neurovascular bundle at the costoclavicular junction. Paget-Schroetter syndrome is defined as the primary, spontaneous or effort thrombosis of the subclavian vein. The supraclavicular and trans-axillary approaches are currently the most commonly used for first rib resection. The aim of this article was to describe our experience in a minimally invasive approach (VATS) of first rib resection for primary venous thoracic outlet and the associated outcomes. This is a descriptive observational study using a retrospective analysis of a prospective database from January 2017 to March 2020. Nine patients underwent video thoracoscopic first rib resection due to PagetSchroetter syndrome (one bilateral procedure). Ten thoracoscopic first rib resections were performed. There were 6 female and 3 male patients, with a mean age of 30.7 ± 10.7 years. The mean length of hospital stay was 3.1 ± 0.5 days. No complications were recorded intraoperatively. One patient had to be re-operated because of hemothorax. There were no recurrences in a follow-up of at least 12 months. VATS resection of the first rib is a safe and feasible procedure and can be performed under direct vision of thoracic outlet elements. However, the technique requires experience with thoracoscopic surgery. The outcomes associated with our technique are comparable with the outcomes related to other current standards of care.

Simpaticotomía bilateral video asistida por hiperhidrosis: análisis de 102 pacientes / Bilateral video-assisted thoracic sympathicotomy for hiperhidrosis: analysis of 102 patients

Resumen La hiperhidrosis es un trastorno caracterizado por la producción excesiva de sudor por las glándulas sudoríparas ecrinas que influye negativamente en las actividades sociales, laborales y fundamentalmente en la calidad de vida. Se divide en primaria o secundaria. La primaria es una enfermedad benigna caracterizada por una excesiva sudoración con mayor frecuencia en palmas, plantas, axilas y cara. Su incidencia es del 1% de la población y su causa es desconocida. La mayoría de los tratamientos médicos no logran un buen control sintomático y frecuentemente son transitorios. La simpaticotomía torácica bilateral videoasistida se ha vuelto el tratamiento de elección en pacientes muy sintomáticos. En el período de 1998 a 2018 se realizaron 174 simpaticotomias bilaterales videoasistidas por hiperhidrosis primaria, de las cuales 102 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se excluyeron a 72 pacientes. El 20.5% fueron hombres y el 79.5% mujeres con una edad media de 29.22 años. En cuanto a la localización fue palmoplantar axilar en un 50.9%, axilar en un 23.5%, palmoplantar en un 10.7%, palmar en un 7.8%, palmoaxilar 6.8% y facial 5.8%. Los pacientes con sudoración palmar presentaron 94.9% de mejoría, axilar 84.51%, plantar 46.25% y facial 84% respectivamente. El post operatorio arrojó una media de internación de 1.1 días. Como efecto no deseado, se presentó sudoración compensatoria en 53 casos y complicaciones postoperatorias en 18 casos. Concluimos que es una técnica segura, que resuelve de manera significativa la sudoración, mejorando la calidad de vida.

Abstract Hyperhidrosis is a disorder consisting of excessive sweating through the different body sweat glands, which produces a negative impact socially and in work-related activities in those that suffer this condition. There are primary and secondary forms. The primary form is a benign condition with excessive sweating mainly in palms, soles of feet, axillae and face. It affects a 1% of the population, and its cause is unknown. Most medical treatments are unsuccessful, and at best, transitory. In patients who are very troubled by the condition, videoassisted bilateral thoracic sympathicotomy has become the elective treatment. In the period ranging from 1998 to 2018, 174 procedures were undertaken for primary hyperhidrosis, of which 102 satisfied the inclusion criteria. 72 patients were excluded. A 20.5% were males, and 79.5% were females, with an average age of 29.22 years at surgery. As to localization of sweating, a 50.9% was palmar-plantar-axillary, 23.5% axillary, 10.7% palmarplantar, 7.8% palmar, 6.8% palmar-axillary, and a 5.8% facial. Those patients with palmar sweating showed a 94.9% improvement, those with axillary sweating a 88.51%, with plantar a 46.25% and those with facial sweating a 84% improvement. The average admission time was 1.1 days. As an undesired effect, compensatory sweating occurred in 53 cases and postoperative complications in 18 cases. We conclude this is a safe technique, that diminishes sweating significantly, improving patient's quality of life.

[Resection of the first rib by video thoracoscopy in Paget-Schroetter syndrome]. / Resección de la primera costilla por videotoracoscopía en síndrome de Paget-Schroetter.

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to a number of signs and symptoms that arise from compression of the neurovascular bundle at the costoclavicular junction. Paget-Schroetter syndrome is defined as the primary, spontaneous or effort thrombosis of the subclavian vein. The supraclavicular and trans-axillary approaches are currently the most commonly used for first rib resection. The aim of this article was to describe our experience in a minimally invasive approach (VATS) of first rib resection for primary venous thoracic outlet and the associated outcomes. This is a descriptive observational study using a retrospective analysis of a prospective database from January 2017 to March 2020. Nine patients underwent video thoracoscopic first rib resection due to Paget- Schroetter syndrome (one bilateral procedure). Ten thoracoscopic first rib resections were performed. There were 6 female and 3 male patients, with a mean age of 30.7 ± 10.7 years. The mean length of hospital stay was 3.1 ± 0.5 days. No complications were recorded intraoperatively. One patient had to be re-operated because of hemothorax. There were no recurrences in a follow-up of at least 12 months. VATS resection of the first rib is a safe and feasible procedure and can be performed under direct vision of thoracic outlet elements. However, the technique requires experience with thoracoscopic surgery. The outcomes associated with our technique are comparable with the outcomes related to other current standards of care.

El síndrome del opérculo torácico se refiere a una serie de signos y síntomas que se producen por la compresión del paquete vásculo-nervioso en la unión costo-clavicular. El síndrome de Paget- Schroetter (SPS) se define como la trombosis primaria, espontánea o de esfuerzo de la vena subclavia. Las vías de abordaje quirúrgicas tradicionales utilizadas para descomprimir el opérculo torácico son la trans axilar y las claviculares (supra e infra). El objetivo del estudio fue describir nuestra experiencia en la resección de la primera costilla por videotoracoscopía (VATS). Este es un estudio descriptivo observacional utilizando una base de datos prospectiva con análisis retrospectivo desde enero de 2017 a marzo de 2020. Se incluyeron 9 pacientes con diagnóstico de SPS en los que se resecó la primera costilla por VATS. En un paciente el procedimiento fue bilateral por presentar trombosis espontánea en ambas venas subclavias. De los 9, 6 eran mujeres. La edad media fue de 30.7 ± 10.7 años. La estadía hospitalaria media fue de 3.1 ± 0.5 días. Uno fue re-operado por hemotórax. No se detectaron recurrencias en el seguimiento a mediano-largo plazo. La resección de la primera costilla por VATS es un procedimiento seguro y factible. La misma, a diferencia de los abordajes tradicionales, puede ser resecada bajo visión directa de todos los elementos del opérculo torácico. Sin embargo, esta técnica requiere un manejo avanzado en cirugía toracoscópica.

[Bilateral video-assisted thoracic sympathicotomy for hiperhidrosis: analysis of 102 patients]. / Simpaticotomía bilateral video asistida por hiperhidrosis: análisis de 102 pacientes.

Hyperhidrosis is a disorder consisting of excessive sweating through the different body sweat glands, which produces a negative impact socially and in work-related activities in those that suffer this condition. There are primary and secondary forms. The primary form is a benign condition with excessive sweating mainly in palms, soles of feet, axillae and face. It affects a 1% of the population, and its cause is unknown. Most medical treatments are unsuccessful, and at best, transitory. In patients who are very troubled by the condition, videoassisted bilateral thoracic sympathicotomy has become the elective treatment. In the period ranging from 1998 to 2018, 174 procedures were undertaken for primary hyperhidrosis, of which 102 satisfied the inclusion criteria. 72 patients were excluded. A 20.5% were males, and 79.5% were females, with an average age of 29.22 years at surgery. As to localization of sweating, a 50.9% was palmar-plantar-axillary, 23.5% axillary, 10.7% palmarplantar, 7.8% palmar, 6.8% palmar-axillary, and a 5.8% facial. Those patients with palmar sweating showed a 94.9% improvement, those with axillary sweating a 88.51%, with plantar a 46.25% and those with facial sweating a 84% improvement. The average admission time was 1.1 days. As an undesired effect, compensatory sweating occurred in 53 cases and postoperative complications in 18 cases. We conclude this is a safe technique, that diminishes sweating significantly, improving patient's quality of life.

La hiperhidrosis es un trastorno caracterizado por la producción excesiva de sudor por las glándulas sudoríparas ecrinas que influye negativamente en las actividades sociales, laborales y fundamentalmente en la calidad de vida. Se divide en primaria o secundaria. La primaria es una enfermedad benigna caracterizada por una excesiva sudoración con mayor frecuencia en palmas, plantas, axilas y cara. Su incidencia es del 1% de la población y su causa es desconocida. La mayoría de los tratamientos médicos no logran un buen control sintomático y frecuentemente son transitorios. La simpaticotomía torácica bilateral videoasistida se ha vuelto el tratamiento de elección en pacientes muy sintomáticos. En el período de 1998 a 2018 se realizaron 174 impaticotomias bilaterales videoasistidas por hiperhidrosis primaria, de las cuales 102 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se excluyeron a 72 pacientes. El 20.5% fueron hombres y el 79.5% mujeres con una edad media de 29.22 años. En cuanto a la localización fue palmoplantar axilar en un 50.9%, axilar en un 23.5%, palmoplantar en un 10.7%, palmar en un 7.8%, palmoaxilar 6.8% y facial 5.8%. Los pacientes con sudoración palmar presentaron 94.9% de mejoría, axilar 84.51%, plantar 46.25% y facial 84% respectivamente. El post operatorio arrojó una media de internación de 1.1 días. Como efecto no deseado, se presentó sudoración compensatoria en 53 casos y complicaciones postoperatorias en 18 casos. Concluimos que es una técnica segura, que resuelve de manera significativa la sudoración, mejorando la calidad de vida.

Outcomes of surgical treatment for isolated adrenal metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Long-term survival of patients who undergo surgical resection of isolated adrenal metastasis instead of nonsurgical treatment has shown higher values than those described for stage IVA. The primary endpoint was to evaluate overall survival (OS) of patients with single adrenal metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who underwent surgical treatment. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate and compare the OS and disease-free survival (DFS) according to: pathological lung tumour size, histology, lymph node involvement, type of metastasis at the time of diagnosis and laterality of the metastasis according to the primary lung tumour. METHODS: From August 2007 to March 2020, 13 patients with isolated adrenal gland metastasis were identified. We performed a descriptive observational study including patients with diagnosed single adrenal gland metastasis of resectable primary lung cancer and no history of other malignant disease. Clinical data obtained included patient demographics, metastases characteristics, laterality of the metastasis, time between surgeries, length of follow-up, survival status, pathological lung tumour size, histology and lymph node involvement. The variables analysed were OS and DFS. RESULTS: Median global OS was 31.9 months (interquartile range (IQR), 19.1-51.4). The 2- and 5-year OS estimated was 54% (95% CI: 29.5%-77.4%) and 36% (95% CI: 13.4%-68.1%), respectively. In patients with NSCLC without mediastinal lymph node involvement, we obtain a median OS of 40 months (IQR, 27.4-51.4) and a 2- and 5-year OS estimated of 75% (95% CI: 43.2%-92.2%) and 50% (95% CI: 18.7%-81.2%), respectively. Recurrence was detected in five patients with a median DFS of 11.9 months (IQR, 6-34.2). CONCLUSION: The resection of the adrenal metastasis should be considered if the primary lung cancer is resectable. Presence of mediastinal lymph node involvement should be ruled out through invasive staging of the mediastinum before performing adrenal and lung surgery. Proper selection of patients who would benefit from surgery is essential to obtain better survival results.

Recommendations for detection, prioritization, and treatment of thoracic oncology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: the THOCOoP cooperative group.

The world currently faces a pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2. Relevant information has emerged regarding the higher risk of poor outcomes in lung cancer patients. As such, lung cancer patients must be prioritized in terms of prevention, detection and treatment. On May 7th, 45 experts in thoracic cancers from 11 different countries were invited to participate. A core panel of experts regarding thoracic oncology care amidst the pandemic gathered virtually, and a total of 60 initial recommendations were drafted based on available evidence, 2 questions were deleted due to conflicting evidence. By May 16th, 44 experts had agreed to participate, and voted on each of the 58 recommendation using a Delphi panel on a live voting event. Consensus was reached regarding the recommendations (>66 % strongly agree/agree) for 56 questions. Strong consensus (>80 % strongly agree/agree) was reached for 44 questions. Patients with lung cancer represent a particularly vulnerable population during this time. Special care must be taken to maintain treatment while avoiding exposure.

Rib desmoplastic fibroblastoma: Video-assisted resection.

A 46-year-old man was referred to our department due to chronic chest pain. A computed tomography showed an exophytic image arising from 5th rib that was projected on the middle lobule. The patient underwent an exploratory videothoracoscopic because we couldn't discard lung compromise. A corneal-like lesion emerging from the inner side of the 5th rib was revealed. Complete video-assited resection was done. Histopathology examination revealed a desmoplastic fibroblastoma. To our knowledge this is the first case of desmoplastic fibroblastoma arising from a rib and the second case published in all literature of chest wall involvement.

Entirely thoracoscopic resection of a giant emphysematous bulla.

A 38-year-old man with longilinear shape, smoker (38 packs/year) and no other relevant medical history was referred to our department due to the finding of left pulmonary hyperlucency on a chest x-ray. A computed tomography (CT) was performed and a giant emphysematous bulla with thin-walled partitions inside was shown that replaced almost the entire left upper lobe, The patient underwent an exploratory thoracoscopy. Intraoperatively a giant bulla was seen that initially impressed to replace the entire upper lobe. Despite the large size we decided to attempt thoracoscopic resection preserving the remaining healthy parenchyma. Bullectomy was done using linear endoscopic stapling devices. To our knowledge this is the only case with such a large bulla resected entirely by VATS.

Empiema torácico como complicación de la colecistectomía laparoscópica: comunicación de un caso y revisión bibliográfica / Thoracic Empyema as a Complication of Laparoscopic Cholecysctetomy: Communication of One Case and Review of the Literature

En la colecistectomía laparoscópica puede producirse el derrame accidental de litos biliares (LB) en la cavidad abdominal con más frecuencia que la colecistectomía convencional. La incidencia de derrame de LB se encuentra en un rango del 2 al 30% y de estos, sólo el 12% presenta compromiso torácico. El derrame pleural durante el postoperatorio inmediato de cirugía de abdomen superior es frecuente pero suele ser mínimo y de resolución espontánea. Cuando persiste, se debe tomar una muestra para estudiar su causa. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con una colecistectomía laparoscópica programada que presentó, a los tres meses posteriores, empiema pleural. Se le realizó decorticación por toracoscopía videoasistida y tratamiento antibiótico con buena evolución. Nuestra hipótesis es que la contaminación del tórax se habría iniciado con la formación de un absceso subfrénico que terminó drenando a través del diafragma a la cavidad pleural. La toracocentesis del derrame pleural es fundamental para aclarar la causa del mismo y descartar una infección. Se presenta este caso con el objetivo de revisar una forma poco frecuente de empiema pleural, como una infrecuente complicación de una cirugía abdominal frecuente.

In the laparoscopic cholecystectomy, accidental spill of bile duct stones into the abdominal cavity can occur more frequently than in the conventional cholecystectomy. The incidence of this complication is estimated to range between 2 to 30%, but only 12% of them have shown thoracic involvement. Pleural effusion during the immediate postoperative period of upper abdominal surgery is common but usually minimal and self-limited. When it persists, a sample should be taken to study its cause. This report is about a patient who presented a pleural empyema three months after a programmed laparoscopic cholecystectomy. He underwent a video-assisted thoracoscopic decortication and was treated with antibiotics. The patient showed a good evolution. Our hypothesis is that the thoracic infection would be the result of the formation of a subphrenic abscess which ends draining through the diaphragm into the pleural cavity. Diagnostic thoracentesis of pleural effusion is essential to clarify its cause. We presented in this report an uncommon form of pleural empyema, which is a rare complication of abdominal surgery.

The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for the Revisions of the T Descriptors in the Forthcoming Eighth Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: An international database was collected to inform the 8 edition of the anatomic classification of lung cancer. The present analyses concern its primary tumor (T) component. METHODS: From 1999 to 2010, 77,156 evaluable patients, 70,967 with non-small-cell lung cancer, were collected; and 33,115 had either a clinical or a pathological classification, known tumor size, sufficient T information, and no metastases. Survival was measured from date of diagnosis or surgery for clinically and pathologically staged tumors. Tumor-size cutpoints were evaluated by the running log-rank statistics. T descriptors were evaluated in a multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, histological type, and geographic region. RESULTS: The 3-cm cutpoint significantly separates T1 from T2. From 1 to 5 cm, each centimeter separates tumors of significantly different prognosis. Prognosis of tumors greater than 5 cm but less than or equal to 7 cm is equivalent to T3, and that of those greater than 7 cm to T4. Bronchial involvement less than 2 cm from carina, but without involving it, and total atelectasis/pneumonitis have a T2 prognosis. Involvement of the diaphragm has a T4 prognosis. Invasion of the mediastinal pleura is a descriptor seldom used. CONCLUSIONS: Recommended changes are as follows: to subclassify T1 into T1a (≤1 cm), T1b (>1 to ≤2 cm), and T1c (>2 to ≤3 cm); to subclassify T2 into T2a (>3 to ≤4 cm) and T2b (>4 to ≤5 cm); to reclassify tumors greater than 5 to less than or equal to 7 cm as T3; to reclassify tumors greater than 7 cm as T4; to group involvement of main bronchus as T2 regardless of distance from carina; to group partial and total atelectasis/pneumonitis as T2; to reclassify diaphragm invasion as T4; and to delete mediastinal pleura invasion as a T descriptor.